This page covers two reference areas that come up frequently at the table: the physical
characteristics of the core races (age, height, weight) and the encumbrance
system that determines how much a character can carry before their movement and combat
effectiveness suffer. The encumbrance calculator below handles the arithmetic automatically.
Vital Statistics
Starting Age
Roll the die listed for your class category and add it to the race's adulthood age.
Starting age has no mechanical effect — it is purely for character description.
As characters age their physical stats decline while mental stats improve. These are
permanent changes — they apply regardless of magical aging. A character
magically aged to Venerable receives all the incremental penalties/bonuses for each
prior tier as well.
Race
Middle Age
Old
Venerable
Maximum Age
Dwarf
125
188
250
250 + 2d%
Elf
175
263
350
350 + 4d%
Gnome
100
150
200
200 + 3d%
Half-Elf
62
93
125
125 + 3d20
Half-Orc
30
45
60
60 + 2d10
Halfling
50
75
100
100 + 5d20
Human
35
53
70
70 + 2d20
Age Tier
STR
DEX
CON
INT
WIS
CHA
Middle Age
−1
−1
−1
+1
+1
+1
Old
−2
−2
−2
+2
+2
+2
Venerable
−3
−3
−3
+3
+3
+3
Bonuses and penalties are cumulative — an Old character has the Middle Age penalty/bonus
plus the Old penalty/bonus (total: −2/+2). A Venerable character has all three
tiers applied (total: −3/+3). Death from old age occurs at the maximum age roll; the GM
may keep the result secret.
Height & Weight
Roll the height modifier die and add it to the base height (in inches). Multiply that same die
result by the weight multiplier and add it to the base weight.
Race
Male
Female
Base Ht
Ht Mod
Base Wt / Mod
Base Ht
Ht Mod
Base Wt / Mod
Dwarf
3′ 9″
+2d4 in
150 lb / ×7
3′ 7″
+2d4 in
120 lb / ×7
Elf
5′ 4″
+2d8 in
100 lb / ×3
5′ 4″
+2d6 in
90 lb / ×3
Gnome
3′ 0″
+2d4 in
35 lb / ×1
2′ 10″
+2d4 in
30 lb / ×1
Half-Elf
5′ 2″
+2d8 in
110 lb / ×5
5′ 0″
+2d8 in
90 lb / ×5
Half-Orc
4′ 10″
+2d12 in
150 lb / ×7
4′ 5″
+2d12 in
110 lb / ×7
Halfling
2′ 8″
+2d4 in
30 lb / ×1
2′ 6″
+2d4 in
25 lb / ×1
Human
4′ 10″
+2d10 in
120 lb / ×5
4′ 5″
+2d10 in
85 lb / ×5
Additional Races (Advanced Race Guide)
Starting age, aging effects, and height/weight for 16 featured and 14 uncommon races.
For racial traits, ability modifiers, and special abilities, see
Browse Races.
Starting Age
Race
Adulthood
Intuitive (+die)
Self-Taught (+die)
Trained (+die)
Aasimar
60
+4d6
+6d6
+8d6
Catfolk
15
+1d4
+1d6
+2d6
Dhampir
110
+4d6
+6d6
+10d6
Drow
110
+4d6
+6d6
+10d6
Fetchling
20
+1d6
+2d6
+3d6
Goblin
12
+1d4
+1d6
+2d6
Hobgoblin
14
+1d4
+1d6
+2d6
Ifrit
60
+4d6
+6d6
+8d6
Kobold
12
+1d4
+1d6
+2d6
Orc
12
+1d4
+1d6
+2d6
Oread
60
+4d6
+6d6
+8d6
Ratfolk
12
+1d4
+1d6
+2d6
Sylph
60
+4d6
+6d6
+8d6
Tengu
15
+1d4
+1d6
+2d6
Tiefling
60
+4d6
+6d6
+8d6
Undine
60
+4d6
+6d6
+8d6
Aging Effects
Race
Middle Age
Old
Venerable
Maximum Age
Aasimar
150
200
250
250 + 6d%
Catfolk
35
53
70
70 + 2d20
Dhampir
175
263
350
350 + 4d%
Drow
175
263
350
350 + 4d%
Fetchling
62
93
125
125 + 3d20
Goblin
20
30
40
40 + 1d20
Hobgoblin
30
45
60
60 + 2d10
Ifrit
150
200
250
250 + 6d%
Kobold
20
30
40
40 + 1d20
Orc
20
30
40
40 + 1d20
Oread
150
200
250
250 + 6d%
Ratfolk
20
30
40
40 + 1d20
Sylph
150
200
250
250 + 6d%
Tengu
35
53
70
70 + 2d20
Tiefling
150
200
250
250 + 6d%
Undine
150
200
250
250 + 6d%
Height & Weight
Race
Male
Female
Base Ht
Ht Mod
Base Wt / Mod
Base Ht
Ht Mod
Base Wt / Mod
Aasimar
5′ 2″
+2d8 in
110 lb / ×5
5′ 0″
+2d8 in
90 lb / ×5
Catfolk
4′ 10″
+2d8 in
120 lb / ×5
4′ 5″
+2d8 in
85 lb / ×5
Dhampir
4′ 10″
+2d10 in
120 lb / ×5
4′ 5″
+2d10 in
85 lb / ×5
Drow
5′ 4″
+2d6 in
90 lb / ×3
5′ 4″
+2d8 in
100 lb / ×3
Fetchling
5′ 4″
+2d6 in
90 lb / ×3
5′ 2″
+2d6 in
80 lb / ×3
Goblin
2′ 8″
+2d4 in
30 lb / ×1
2′ 6″
+2d4 in
25 lb / ×1
Hobgoblin
4′ 2″
+2d8 in
165 lb / ×5
4′ 0″
+2d8 in
145 lb / ×5
Ifrit
5′ 2″
+2d8 in
110 lb / ×5
5′ 0″
+2d8 in
90 lb / ×5
Kobold
2′ 6″
+2d4 in
25 lb / ×1
2′ 4″
+2d4 in
20 lb / ×1
Orc
5′ 1″
+2d12 in
160 lb / ×7
4′ 9″
+2d12 in
120 lb / ×7
Oread
4′ 0″
+2d6 in
150 lb / ×7
3′ 9″
+2d6 in
120 lb / ×7
Ratfolk
3′ 7″
+2d4 in
65 lb / ×3
3′ 4″
+2d4 in
50 lb / ×3
Sylph
5′ 2″
+2d8 in
110 lb / ×5
5′ 0″
+2d8 in
90 lb / ×5
Tengu
4′ 0″
+2d6 in
65 lb / ×3
3′ 10″
+2d6 in
55 lb / ×3
Tiefling
4′ 10″
+2d10 in
120 lb / ×5
4′ 5″
+2d10 in
85 lb / ×5
Undine
4′ 10″
+2d10 in
120 lb / ×5
4′ 5″
+2d10 in
85 lb / ×5
Starting Age
Race
Adulthood
Intuitive (+die)
Self-Taught (+die)
Trained (+die)
Changeling
15
+1d4
+1d6
+2d6
Duergar
40
+3d6
+5d6
+7d6
Gillman
20
+1d6
+2d6
+3d6
Grippli
12
+1d4
+1d6
+2d6
Kitsune
15
+1d4
+1d6
+2d6
Merfolk
15
+1d4
+1d6
+2d6
Nagaji
20
+1d6
+2d6
+3d6
Samsaran
60
+4d6
+6d6
+8d6
Strix
12
+1d4
+1d6
+2d6
Suli
15
+1d4
+1d6
+2d6
Svirfneblin
40
+4d6
+6d6
+9d6
Vanara
14
+1d4
+1d6
+2d6
Vishkanya
15
+1d4
+1d6
+2d6
Wayang
40
+4d6
+5d6
+6d6
Aging Effects
Race
Middle Age
Old
Venerable
Maximum Age
Changeling
35
53
70
70 + 2d20
Duergar
125
188
250
250 + 2d%
Gillman
62
93
125
125 + 3d20
Grippli
20
30
40
40 + 1d20
Kitsune
32
50
65
65 + 3d12
Merfolk
35
53
70
70 + 2d20
Nagaji
60
90
120
120 + 3d20
Samsaran
150
200
250
250 + 6d%
Strix
20
30
40
40 + 1d20
Suli
35
53
70
70 + 2d20
Svirfneblin
100
150
200
200 + 3d%
Vanara
30
45
60
60 + 2d10
Vishkanya
35
53
70
70 + 2d20
Wayang
100
150
200
200 + 1d%
Height & Weight
Race
Male
Female
Base Ht
Ht Mod
Base Wt / Mod
Base Ht
Ht Mod
Base Wt / Mod
Changeling *
— female only
4′ 2″
+2d4 in
85 lb / ×5
Duergar
3′ 9″
+2d4 in
150 lb / ×7
3′ 7″
+2d4 in
120 lb / ×7
Gillman
4′ 10″
+2d10 in
120 lb / ×5
4′ 5″
+2d10 in
85 lb / ×5
Grippli
1′ 7″
+2d4 in
25 lb / ×1
1′ 5″
+2d4 in
20 lb / ×1
Kitsune
4′ 10″
+2d8 in
100 lb / ×5
4′ 5″
+2d8 in
85 lb / ×5
Merfolk
5′ 10″
+2d10 in
145 lb / ×5
5′ 8″
+2d10 in
135 lb / ×5
Nagaji
5′ 9″
+2d10 in
180 lb / ×7
5′ 6″
+2d10 in
160 lb / ×7
Samsaran
5′ 4″
+2d8 in
110 lb / ×5
5′ 6″
+2d8 in
110 lb / ×5
Strix
5′ 4″
+2d8 in
125 lb / ×5
5′ 2″
+2d8 in
115 lb / ×5
Suli
4′ 10″
+2d10 in
120 lb / ×5
4′ 5″
+2d10 in
85 lb / ×5
Svirfneblin
3′ 0″
+2d4 in
35 lb / ×1
2′ 10″
+2d4 in
30 lb / ×1
Vanara
4′ 8″
+2d8 in
105 lb / ×5
4′ 2″
+2d8 in
90 lb / ×5
Vishkanya
5′ 3″
+2d8 in
85 lb / ×5
5′ 1″
+2d8 in
75 lb / ×5
Wayang
3′ 0″
+2d4 in
35 lb / ×1
2′ 10″
+2d4 in
30 lb / ×1
* Changelings are exclusively female.
Encumbrance
A character's Strength score determines how much they can carry.
Total the weight of all carried gear — armor, weapons, backpack contents, and worn items.
Compare to the thresholds below to find your light, medium, or
heavy load category.
Load Effects
Load
Max DEX Bonus
Armor Check Penalty
Speed (30 ft base)
Speed (20 ft base)
Run
Light
No limit
0
30 ft
20 ft
×4
Medium
+3
−3
20 ft
15 ft
×3
Heavy
+1
−6
20 ft
15 ft
×3
The Armor Check Penalty from encumbrance stacks with the ACP from worn armor.
A creature in heavy armor with a heavy load applies both penalties to Strength- and
Dexterity-based skill checks. The speed reduction from encumbrance does not stack with
armor speed reduction — use whichever is lower.
See Armor & Shields
(coming soon) for armor ACP and speed reduction values.
Carrying Capacity by Strength
Values are the maximum weight in pounds for each load category.
Carrying exactly the heavy-load limit counts as a heavy load.
STR
Light (max)
Medium (max)
Heavy (max)
STR
Light (max)
Medium (max)
Heavy (max)
1
3
6
10
16
76
153
230
2
6
13
20
17
86
173
260
3
10
20
30
18
100
200
300
4
13
26
40
19
116
233
350
5
16
33
50
20
133
266
400
6
20
40
60
21
153
306
460
7
23
46
70
22
173
346
520
8
26
53
80
23
200
400
600
9
30
60
90
24
233
466
700
10
33
66
100
25
266
533
800
11
38
76
115
26
306
613
920
12
43
86
130
27
346
693
1,040
13
50
100
150
28
400
800
1,200
14
58
116
175
29
466
933
1,400
15
66
133
200
30
533
1,066
1,600
Size Multipliers
Fine
× ⅛
Diminutive
× ¼
Tiny
× ½
Small
× ¾
Medium
× 1
Large
× 2
Huge
× 4
Gargantuan
× 8
Colossal
× 16
Lifting & Dragging
Lift over head
= heavy load max
Lift off ground
× 2 heavy load max
Push or drag
× 5 heavy load max
Quadrupeds (horses, animal companions, etc.) multiply their carrying capacity by
1.5. Pushing or dragging across difficult terrain halves movement.
A push or drag counts as a heavy load for all purposes.